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They reported that amniotic fluid volume increased progressively until 33 weeks' gestation and then plateaued. All of the measurements were either by a dye-dilution technique or by direct measurement at hysterotomy. Transmembraneous flow from the amniotic cavity into the uterine circulationīrace and Wolf (1989) reviewed the literature and compiled 705 measurements of amniotic fluid between 8 and 43 weeks' gestation. Intramembranous flow across the placenta, umbilical cord and fetal

The 6 proposed pathways (Brace, 1997) for fluid movement into and out of the amniotic cavity include: Pathway The factors involved in regulating amniotic fluid volume are still not completely understood. It's bacteristatic properties reduces the potential for infection.It's constant temperature helps to maintain the embryo's body temperature.Protects the umbilical cord from compression.Protects the fetus from external trauma.Amniotic fluid volume maintains amniotic fluid pressure thereby reducing the loss of lung liquid - an essential component to pulmonary development.The ingestion of amniotic fluid provides some fetal nutrition and essential nutrients.

Swallowing of amniotic fluid enhances the growth and development of the gastrointestinal tract.Permitting fetal movement and the development of the musculoskeletal system.Once the derivation of amniotic fluid is understood, the potential mechanisms that can result in oligohydramnios can be better appreciated.Īmniotic fluid has a number of important roles in embryo/fetal development: The sonographer/sonologist should, therefore, have a basic understanding of the mechanisms responsible for normal amniotic fluid production. A decreased amniotic fluid volume is frequently one of the first clues to an underlying fetal abnormality.